{"id":998,"date":"2018-03-11T16:07:12","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T15:07:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blockchain-x.eu\/?p=998"},"modified":"2018-03-11T16:26:15","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T15:26:15","slug":"la-blockchain-et-le-legislateur-un-amour-impossible","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theblockchainforgood.org\/index.php\/2018\/03\/11\/la-blockchain-et-le-legislateur-un-amour-impossible\/","title":{"rendered":"La Blockchain et le l\u00e9gislateur : un amour impossible ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dans son rapport d&rsquo;information sur les enjeux li\u00e9s au d\u00e9veloppement du Bitcoin et des autres monnaies virtuelles, du 23 juillet 2014, la commission des finances du S\u00e9nat pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e par M. Philippe Marini, avait relev\u00e9 que :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le d\u00e9veloppement des monnaies virtuelles, et notamment du bitcoin ne saurait \u00eatre ignor\u00e9 des pouvoirs publics.<\/li>\n<li>En d\u00e9pit de risque clairement identifi\u00e9 (volatilit\u00e9, anonymat, absence de garantie l\u00e9gale), le bitcoin est porteur de multiples opportunit\u00e9s pour l&rsquo;avenir, surtout en tant que technologie de validation d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e des informations (la commission fait ici r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la technologie dite de cha\u00eene de blocs ou blockchain).<\/li>\n<li>Les pouvoirs publics doivent donc travailler \u00e0 la mise en place d&rsquo;un encadrement juridique \u00e9quilibr\u00e9, afin d&#8217;emp\u00eacher les d\u00e9rives sans compromettre la capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;innovation. A cet \u00e9gard, le recours aux cat\u00e9gories juridiques de droit commun appara\u00eet pour l&rsquo;instant la solution la plus raisonnable.<\/li>\n<li>Les comparaisons internationales montrent que la France se situe \u00e0 mi-chemin entre les pays qui ont adopt\u00e9 les r\u00e8gles les plus strictes et les pays les plus ouverts.<\/li>\n<li>La clarification du r\u00e9gime applicable devra se faire \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne, et si possible mondiale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/videos.senat.fr\/video.545468_5a78e86ea7073.nouveaux-usages-et-regulation-des-chaines-de-blocs-blockchain---audition?timecode=3708250\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1002 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blockchain-x.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/senat-blockchain-x.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1312\" height=\"1014\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theblockchainforgood.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/senat-blockchain-x.png 1312w, https:\/\/theblockchainforgood.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/senat-blockchain-x-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/theblockchainforgood.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/senat-blockchain-x-768x594.png 768w, https:\/\/theblockchainforgood.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/senat-blockchain-x-1024x791.png 1024w, https:\/\/theblockchainforgood.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/senat-blockchain-x-696x538.png 696w, https:\/\/theblockchainforgood.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/senat-blockchain-x-1068x825.png 1068w, https:\/\/theblockchainforgood.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/senat-blockchain-x-543x420.png 543w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1312px) 100vw, 1312px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Trois ans apr\u00e8s ce premier rapport, force est de constater que le l\u00e9gislateur progresse avec prudence et parcimonie sur le sujet des monnaies virtuelles comme sur celui de la blockchain. Ainsi, les auditions relatives \u00e0 cette technologie, organis\u00e9es par la commission des finances le 7 f\u00e9vrier dernier semblent, pour reprendre le site <a href=\"https:\/\/www.actualitesdudroit.fr\/browse\/tech-droit\/blockchain\/11777\/auditions-au-senat-sur-la-blockchain-les-incomprehensions-demeurent\">actualit\u00e9s du droit<\/a>, avoir essentiellement mis en lumi\u00e8re l&rsquo;incompr\u00e9hension des \u00e9lus \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard des concepts, souvent techniques et complexes, qui pr\u00e9sident au fonctionnement de la \u00ab\u00a0cha\u00eene de blocs\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blockchain-x.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/BITCOINS_INFOG.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-999\" src=\"https:\/\/blockchain-x.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/BITCOINS_INFOG.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"701\" height=\"4483\" srcset=\"https:\/\/theblockchainforgood.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/BITCOINS_INFOG.png 701w, https:\/\/theblockchainforgood.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/BITCOINS_INFOG-47x300.png 47w, https:\/\/theblockchainforgood.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/BITCOINS_INFOG-160x1024.png 160w, https:\/\/theblockchainforgood.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/BITCOINS_INFOG-696x4451.png 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 701px) 100vw, 701px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Au cours de cette s\u00e9ance divis\u00e9e en deux tables rondes portant d&rsquo;une part sur les nouveaux usages et la r\u00e9gulation de la blockchain et d&rsquo;autre part sur les risques et les enjeux li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;essor des monnaies virtuelles, deux visions, deux mondes, ont \u00e9merg\u00e9s : les r\u00e9gulateurs et les acteurs.<\/p>\n<p>Les seconds insistent, logiquement, sur les opportunit\u00e9s innovationnelles des technologies vis\u00e9es en termes notamment de certification et d&rsquo;horodatage de preuve, de climat (contr\u00f4le d&rsquo;\u00e9missions de carbone) ou encore de tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 de la cha\u00eene d&rsquo;approvisionnement. Les premiers, en la personne de M. Corso Bavagnoli, inspecteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des finances et chef du service du finance de l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie de la Direction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Tr\u00e9sor, soulignent la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de \u00ab\u00a0permettre une innovation dans un cadre suffisamment robuste pour r\u00e9pondre aux objectifs fondamentaux de la r\u00e9glementation financi\u00e8re (stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re, protection du consommateurs et lutte contre le blanchiment) et de fournir un cadre qui permette aux innovations de se d\u00e9velopper\u00a0\u00bb. Aussi, acteurs comme r\u00e9gulateurs appellent de leurs voeux une intervention du l\u00e9gislateur afin de permettre aux entrepreneurs d&rsquo;innover au sein d&rsquo;un environnement juridique clair et stable.<\/p>\n<p>C&rsquo;est ainsi que le 14 f\u00e9vrier dernier, l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e nationale a lanc\u00e9 une mission d&rsquo;information sur la blockchain. Cette mission transpartisane pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 LR Julien Aubert, a pour objectif la r\u00e9daction de recommandations, l\u00e9gislative ou non, sur le sujet. La rapporteure, Laure de la Raudi\u00e8re, sp\u00e9cialiste de la question, et autrice de plusieurs amendements sur la <em>blockchain<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.actualitesdudroit.fr\/browse\/tech-droit\/blockchain\/12028\/laure-de-la-raudiere-depute-a-travers-cette-mission-d-information-sur-la-blockchain-je-voudrais-donner-un-signal-fort-aux-start-up-pour-leur-assurer-une-securite-juridique\">explique<\/a> :<\/p>\n<p>Il y a des enjeux de souverainet\u00e9 important. Quand vous avez un service qui s\u2019appuie sur une blockchain publique du type bitcoin, cette <em>blockchain <\/em>fonctionne avec des mineurs qui valident les transactions. Or aujourd\u2019hui, la plupart de ces mineurs sont en Chine.<br \/>\nOn a un enjeu \u00e9conomique, aussi. Si les usages de la <em>blockchain <\/em>se d\u00e9veloppent en France \u00e0 partir de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de service \u00e9trang\u00e8res, cela signifie que l\u2019on ne va pas cr\u00e9er de la richesse en France, mais ailleurs. Et si on interdit la <em>blockchain <\/em>en France, on risque de retirer une capacit\u00e9 de gain de productivit\u00e9 \u00e0 nos entreprises, qui leur fera n\u00e9cessairement perdre des parts de march\u00e9s.<br \/>\nIl y a aussi des enjeux soci\u00e9taux, \u00e9galement, parce que cette technologie aura pour effet de transformer des professions ou de supprimer certaines fonctions.<\/p>\n<p>Enfin, elle ajoute, que la <em>blockchain <\/em>pourrait permettre \u00e0 l&rsquo;Etat de gagner en efficacit\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agisse des transports (cartes grises), du cadastre, des actes administratifs ou encore des registres d&rsquo;\u00c9tat civil.<\/p>\n<p>La question de la blockchain appara\u00eet donc d&rsquo;une actualit\u00e9 br\u00fblante et sa saisie par le l\u00e9gislateur, essentielle. Il semble imp\u00e9ratif non seulement de faire sortir cette technologie de la zone grise dans laquelle elle \u00e9volue mais \u00e9galement d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer la compr\u00e9hension de son fonctionnement. Objet de fantasme et de sp\u00e9culation, la blockchain n&rsquo;est pas la panac\u00e9e, elle est toutefois une opportunit\u00e9 formidable dont il convient d&rsquo;aborder, avec r\u00e9alisme et m\u00e9thode, les conditions de fonctionnement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans son rapport d&rsquo;information sur les enjeux li\u00e9s au d\u00e9veloppement du Bitcoin et des autres monnaies virtuelles, du 23 juillet 2014, la commission des finances du S\u00e9nat pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e par M. Philippe Marini, avait relev\u00e9 que : Le d\u00e9veloppement des monnaies virtuelles, et notamment du bitcoin ne saurait \u00eatre ignor\u00e9 des pouvoirs publics. En d\u00e9pit de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,45],"tags":[32,81],"class_list":["post-998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-regulation","category-blockchain-etat","tag-blockchain","tag-regulation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La Blockchain et le l\u00e9gislateur : un amour impossible ? - Blockchain for Good<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/theblockchainforgood.org\/index.php\/2018\/03\/11\/la-blockchain-et-le-legislateur-un-amour-impossible\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Blockchain et le l\u00e9gislateur : un amour impossible ? - Blockchain for Good\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dans son rapport d&rsquo;information sur les enjeux li\u00e9s au d\u00e9veloppement du Bitcoin et des autres monnaies virtuelles, du 23 juillet 2014, la commission des finances du S\u00e9nat pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e par M. Philippe Marini, avait relev\u00e9 que : Le d\u00e9veloppement des monnaies virtuelles, et notamment du bitcoin ne saurait \u00eatre ignor\u00e9 des pouvoirs publics. En d\u00e9pit de [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/theblockchainforgood.org\/index.php\/2018\/03\/11\/la-blockchain-et-le-legislateur-un-amour-impossible\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blockchain for Good\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-03-11T15:07:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-03-11T15:26:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/theblockchainforgood.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/blockchain-3206918_1280.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Pierre-Marie Bonnaud\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Blockchain__X\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Blockchain__X\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Pierre-Marie Bonnaud\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theblockchainforgood.org\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/11\\\/la-blockchain-et-le-legislateur-un-amour-impossible\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theblockchainforgood.org\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/11\\\/la-blockchain-et-le-legislateur-un-amour-impossible\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Pierre-Marie Bonnaud\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theblockchainforgood.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1b66c57c8f74b3d43f69912f62c6ec43\"},\"headline\":\"La Blockchain et le l\u00e9gislateur : un amour impossible ?\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-03-11T15:07:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-03-11T15:26:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theblockchainforgood.org\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/11\\\/la-blockchain-et-le-legislateur-un-amour-impossible\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":846,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theblockchainforgood.org\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theblockchainforgood.org\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/11\\\/la-blockchain-et-le-legislateur-un-amour-impossible\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theblockchainforgood.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/blockchain-3206918_1280.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Blockchain\",\"r\u00e9gulation\"],\"articleSection\":[\"R\u00e9gulation\",\"Services publics\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/theblockchainforgood.org\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/11\\\/la-blockchain-et-le-legislateur-un-amour-impossible\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theblockchainforgood.org\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/11\\\/la-blockchain-et-le-legislateur-un-amour-impossible\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theblockchainforgood.org\\\/index.php\\\/2018\\\/03\\\/11\\\/la-blockchain-et-le-legislateur-un-amour-impossible\\\/\",\"name\":\"La Blockchain et le l\u00e9gislateur : un amour impossible ? 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